A ✗ in the first column indicates that the parameter is obsolete.
The third, fourth, fifth and sixth column is the name, data type, default value and a description of a parameter.
The following view shows the basic query that was used to create the table:
| ✗ | ✗ | active_instance_count | integer | 4294967295 | number of active instances in the cluster database | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | adg_account_info_tracking | string | LOCAL | ADG user account info tracked in standby(LOCAL) or in Primary(GLOBAL) | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | allow_global_dblinks | boolean | FALSE | LDAP lookup for DBLINKS | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | allow_group_access_to_sga | boolean | FALSE | Allow read access for SGA to users of Oracle owner group | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | allow_partial_sn_results | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | always_anti_join | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | always_semi_join | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _app_ctx_vers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | approx_for_aggregation | boolean | FALSE | Replace exact aggregation with approximate aggregation | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | approx_for_count_distinct | boolean | FALSE | Replace count distinct with approx_count_distinct | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | approx_for_percentile | string | none | Replace percentile_* with approx_percentile | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | aq_tm_processes | integer | 1 | number of AQ Time Managers to start | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | arch_io_slaves | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | archive_lag_target | integer | 0 | Maximum number of seconds of redos the standby could lose | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | asm_diskgroups | string | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | asm_diskstring | string | NULL | disk set locations for discovery | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | asm_io_processes | integer | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | asm_power_limit | integer | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | asm_preferred_read_failure_groups | string | NULL | preferred read failure groups | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | audit_file_dest | string | %ORACLE_BASE%\admin\%ORACLE_SID%\adump | Directory in which auditing files are to reside | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | audit_sys_operations | boolean | TRUE | enable sys auditing | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | audit_trail | string | none | enable system auditing | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | autotask_max_active_pdbs | integer | 2 | Setting for Autotask Maximum Maintenance PDBs | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _average_dirties_half_life | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _aw_row_source_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | awr_pdb_autoflush_enabled | boolean | FALSE | Enable/Disable AWR automatic PDB flushing | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | awr_pdb_max_parallel_slaves | integer | 10 | maximum concurrent AWR PDB MMON slaves per instance | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | awr_snapshot_time_offset | integer | 0 | Setting for AWR Snapshot Time Offset | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | background_core_dump | string | part | Core Size for Background Processes | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | background_dump_dest | string | ?#\RDBMS\TRACE | Detached process dump directory. Compare with user_dump_dest. See also (select value from v$diag_info where name = 'Diag Trace'; | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | backup_disk_io_slaves | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | backup_tape_io_slaves | boolean | FALSE | BACKUP Tape I/O slaves | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | bitmap_merge_area_size | integer | 1048576 | maximum memory allow for BITMAP MERGE | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | blank_trimming | boolean | FALSE | blank trimming semantics parameter | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _bloom_use_crchash | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | b_tree_bitmap_plans | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | buffer_pool_keep | string | NONE | Number of database blocks/latches in keep buffer pool | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | buffer_pool_recycle | string | NONE | Number of database blocks/latches in recycle buffer pool | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | cache_size_threshold | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cdb_cluster | boolean | FALSE | if TRUE startup in CDB Cluster mode | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cdb_cluster_name | string | NONE | CDB Cluster name | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cell_offload_compaction | string | ADAPTIVE | Cell packet compaction strategy | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cell_offload_decryption | boolean | TRUE | enable SQL processing offload of encrypted data to cells | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cell_offloadgroup_name | string | NULL | Set the offload group name | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cell_offload_parameters | string | NONE | Additional cell offload parameters | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cell_offload_plan_display | string | AUTO | Cell offload explain plan display | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cell_offload_processing | boolean | TRUE | enable SQL processing offload to cells | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | cell_partition_large_extents | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | circuits | integer | 4294967295 | max number of circuits | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | cleanup_rollback_entries | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | client_result_cache_lag | big integer | 3000 | client result cache maximum lag in milliseconds | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | client_result_cache_size | big integer | 0 | client result cache max size in bytes | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | clonedb | boolean | FALSE | clone database | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | clonedb_dir | string | NULL | CloneDB Directory | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | close_cached_open_cursors | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | cluster_database | boolean | FALSE | if TRUE startup in cluster database mode | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cluster_database_instances | integer | 4294967295 | number of instances to use for sizing cluster db SGA structures | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cluster_interconnects | string | NONE | interconnects for RAC use | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | commit_logging | string | NULL | transaction commit log write behaviour | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | _column_tracking_level | | | | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✓ | ✗ | commit_point_strength | integer | 1 | Bias this node has toward not preparing in a two-phase commit | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | commit_wait | string | NULL | transaction commit log wait behaviour. | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | commit_write | string | NULL | transaction commit log write behaviour. Deprecated in favor of commit_logging and commit_wait | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | common_user_prefix | string | NONE | Enforce restriction on a prefix of a Common User/Role/Profile name | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | compatible | string | | Database will be completely compatible with this software version | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _compatible_no_recovery | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | complex_view_merging | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | connection_brokers | string | NULL | connection brokers specification | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | containers_parallel_degree | integer | 65535 | Parallel degree for a CONTAINERS() query | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | control_file_record_keep_time | integer | 7 | control file record keep time in days | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | control_files | string | ?=\DATABASE\CTL1%ORACLE_SID%.ORA | control file names list | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | control_management_pack_access | string | DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING | declares which manageability packs are enabled | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | core_dump_dest | string | ?#\RDBMS\TRACE | Core dump directory. See also select value from v$diag_info where name = 'Diag Cdump'; | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cpu_count | integer | 0 | number of CPUs for this instance | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | create_bitmap_area_size | integer | 8388608 | size of create bitmap buffer for bitmap index | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | create_stored_outlines | string | NULL | create stored outlines for DML statements | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cursor_bind_capture_destination | string | memory+disk | Allowed destination for captured bind variables | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cursor_invalidation | string | IMMEDIATE | default for DDL cursor invalidation semantics | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | cursor_sharing | string | EXACT | cursor sharing mode | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | cursor_space_for_time | boolean | FALSE | use more memory in order to get faster execution | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | data_guard_sync_latency | integer | 0 | Data Guard SYNC latency | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _data_transfer_cache_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | data_transfer_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of data transfer cache | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_16k_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of cache for 16K buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_2k_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of cache for 2K buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_32k_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of cache for 32K buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_4k_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of cache for 4K buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_8k_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of cache for 8K buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_big_table_cache_percent_target | string | 0 | Big table cache target size in percentage | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | db_block_buffers | integer | 0 | Number of database blocks cached in memory. Deprecated in favor of db_cache_size | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_block_checking | string | FALSE | header checking and data and index block checking | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | db_block_checkpoint_batch | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_block_checksum | string | TYPICAL | store checksum in db blocks and check during reads | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | db_block_lru_extended_statistics | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | db_block_lru_latches | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | db_block_lru_statistics | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | db_block_max_dirty_target | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_block_size | integer | 8192 | Size of database block in bytes | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_cache_advice | string | OFF | Buffer cache sizing advisory | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_create_file_dest | string | NONE | default database location | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_create_online_log_dest_{1…5} | string | NONE | online log/controlfile destination #1 | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_create_online_log_dest_2 | string | NONE | online log/controlfile destination #2 | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_create_online_log_dest_3 | string | NONE | online log/controlfile destination #3 | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_create_online_log_dest_4 | string | NONE | online log/controlfile destination #4 | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_create_online_log_dest_5 | string | NONE | online log/controlfile destination #5 | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_domain | string | NULL | directory part of global database name stored with CREATE DATABASE | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_file_multiblock_read_count | integer | 0 | db block to be read each IO | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | db_file_direct_io_count | | | See also MOS Note 47324.1 Init.ora Parameter "DB_FILE_DIRECT_IO_COUNT" Reference Note | | | | |
| | | _db_file_exec_read_count | | | | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_file_name_convert | string | NULL | datafile name convert patterns and strings for standby/clone db | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _db_file_optimizer_read_count | | | | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_files | integer | 200 | max allowable # db files | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | db_file_simultaneous_writes | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | DBFIPS_140 | boolean | FALSE | Enable use of crypographic libraries in FIPS mode, public | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_flashback_retention_target | integer | 1440 | Maximum Flashback Database log retention time in minutes. | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_flash_cache_file | string | NONE | flash cache file for default block size | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_flash_cache_size | big integer | 0 | flash cache size for db_flash_cache_file | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_index_compression_inheritance | string | NONE | options for table or tablespace level compression inheritance | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_keep_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | dblink_encrypt_login | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_lost_write_protect | string | NONE | enable lost write detection | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_name | string | NONE | database name specified in create database | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _db_no_mount_lock | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_performance_profile | string | NULL | Database performance category | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_recovery_file_dest | string | NONE | default database recovery file location | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_recovery_file_dest_size | big integer | 0 | database recovery files size limit | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_recycle_cache_size | big integer | 0 | Size of RECYCLE buffer pool for standard block size buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_securefile | string | P | permit securefile storage during lob creation | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_ultra_safe | string | OFF | Sets defaults for other parameters that control protection levels | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | db_unique_name | string | NONE | Database Unique Name | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking | boolean | TRUE | Track nologging SCN in controlfile | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dbwr_io_slaves | integer | 4294967295 | DBWR I/O slaves | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | db_writer_processes | integer | 0 | number of background database writer processes to start | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | ddl_lock_timeout | integer | 0 | Timeout to restrict the time that DDL statements wait for a DML lock | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | ddl_wait_for_locks | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | default_sharing | string | metadata | Default sharing clause | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | deferred_segment_creation | boolean | TRUE | defer segment creation to first insert | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | delayed_logging_block_cleanouts | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dg_broker_config_file1 | string | NULL | data guard broker configuration file #1 | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dg_broker_config_file2 | string | NULL | data guard broker configuration file #2 | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dg_broker_start | boolean | FALSE | start Data Guard broker (DMON process) | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | diagnostic_desc | string | ?#/log | ADR base directory | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | disable_pdb_feature | big integer | 0 | Disable features | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | discrete_transactions_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | disk_async_io | boolean | TRUE | Use asynch I/O for random access devices | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dispatchers | string | NULL | specifications of dispatchers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | distributed_lock_timeout | integer | 60 | number of seconds a distributed transaction waits for a lock | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | distributed_transactions | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _dlm_send_timeout | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dml_locks | integer | 4294967295 | dml locks - one for each table modified in a transaction | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dnfs_batch_size | integer | 4096 | Max number of dNFS asynch I/O requests queued per session | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _dmm_blas_library | | | Control which BLAS/LAPACK dynamic library to load | | | | |
| ✗ | ✗ | drs_start | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | dst_upgrade_insert_conv | boolean | TRUE | Enables/Disables internal conversions during DST upgrade | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _dtree_bintest_id | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _dtree_compressbmp_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _dump_connect_by_loop_data | | | See ORA-01436: CONNECT BY loop in user data | | | | |
| | | _enable_automatic_maintenance | | | | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | enable_automatic_maintenance_pdb | boolean | TRUE | Enable/Disable Automated Maintenance for Non-Root PDB | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | enable_ddl_logging | boolean | FALSE | enable ddl logging | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | enable_dnfs_dispatcher | boolean | FALSE | Enable DNFS Dispatcher | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | enabled_PDBs_on_standby | string | * | List of Enabled PDB patterns | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | enable_goldengate_replication | boolean | FALSE | goldengate replication enabled | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | enable_pluggable_database | boolean | TRUE (since 21c) | Enable Pluggable Database | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ? | ? | _enable_view_pdb | boolean | true ? | If set to false, automatic redirection of top-level statements to target PDB is turned off. (see utl32k.sql) | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✓ | ✗ | encrypt_new_tablespaces | string | CLOUD_ONLY | whether to encrypt newly created tablespaces | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | enqueue_resources | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | event | string | NONE | debug event control - default null string | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _evt_system_event_propagation | boolean | TRUE | disable system event propagation | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✗ | ✗ | _evolve_plan_baseline_report_level | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _exadata_feature_on | | | Exadata | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | exafusion_enabled | integer | 1 | Enable Exafusion | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _exclude_seed_cdb_view | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | external_keystore_credential_location | string | NONE | external keystore credential location | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | fal_client | string | NONE | FAL client | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | fal_server | string | NONE | FAL server list | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | fast_full_scan_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _fast_start_instance_recovery_target | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | fast_start_io_target | integer | 0 | Upper bound on recovery reads | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | fast_start_mttr_target | integer | 0 | MTTR target in seconds | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | fast_start_parallel_rollback | string | LOW | max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _fic_max_length | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _fic_outofmem_candidates | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | fileio_network_adapters | string | NULL | Network Adapters for File I/O | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | file_mapping | boolean | FALSE | enable file mapping (deprecated), see also v$map_* and the FMON background process. | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | filesystemio_options | string | asynch | IO operations on filesystem files | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | _fix_control | | | The «bugfix control parameter». | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | fixed_date | string | NONE | fixed SYSDATE value | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | forward_listener | string | NULL | forward listener | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | freeze_DB_for_fast_instance_recovery | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _gby_hash_aggregation_enabled | boolean | TRUE | enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✗ | ✗ | gc_defer_time | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | gc_files_to_locks | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | gc_latches | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | gc_lck_procs | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | gc_releasable_locks | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | gc_rollback_locks | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | gcs_server_processes | integer | 0 | number of background gcs server processes to start | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | global_names | boolean | FALSE | enforce that database links have same name as remote database | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | global_txn_processes | integer | 1 | number of background global transaction processes to start | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| | | group_by_position_enabled | | | | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | hash_area_size | integer | 0 | size of in-memory hash work area | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | hash_join_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | hash_multiblock_io_count | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | heat_map | string | OFF | ILM Heatmap Tracking | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | hi_shared_memory_address | integer | 0 | SGA starting address (high order 32-bits on 64-bit platforms) | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | hs_autoregister | boolean | TRUE | enable automatic server DD updates in HS agent self-registration | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _idl_conventional_index_maintenance | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | ifile | file | NULL | include file in init.ora | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_adg_enabled | boolean | TRUE | Enable IMC support on ADG | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_automatic_level | string | OFF | Enable Automatic In-Memory management | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_clause_default | string | NONE | Default in-memory clause for new tables | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_expressions_usage | string | ENABLE | Controls which In-Memory Expressions are populated in-memory | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_force | string | DEFAULT | Force tables to be in-memory or not | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_max_populate_servers | integer | 65535 | maximum inmemory populate servers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_optimized_arithmetic | string | DISABLE | Controls whether or not DSBs are stored in-memory | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_prefer_xmem_memcompress | string | NONE | Prefer to store tables with given memcompress levels in xmem | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_prefer_xmem_priority | string | NONE | Prefer to store tables with given priority levels in xmem | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_query | string | ENABLE | Specifies whether in-memory queries are allowed | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_size | big integer | 0 | size in bytes of in-memory area | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_percent | integer | 1 | inmemory trickle repopulate servers percent | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_virtual_columns | string | MANUAL | Controls which user-defined virtual columns are stored in-memory | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | inmemory_xmem_size | big integer | 0 | size in bytes of in-memory xmem area | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | instance_abort_delay_time | integer | 0 | time to delay an internal initiated abort (in seconds) | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | instance_groups | string | NULL | list of instance group names | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | instance_mode | string | read-write | indicates whether the instance read-only or read-write or read-mostly | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | instance_name | string | NULL | instance name supported by the instance | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | instance_nodeset | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | instance_number | integer | 0 | instance number | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | instance_type | string | RDBMS | type of instance to be executed | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | instant_restore | boolean | FALSE | instant repopulation of datafiles | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | java_jit_enabled | boolean | TRUE | Java VM JIT enabled | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | java_max_sessionspace_size | integer | 0 | max allowed size in bytes of a Java sessionspace | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | java_pool_size | big integer | 25165823 | size in bytes of java pool | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | java_restrict | string | none | Restrict Java VM Access | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | java_soft_sessionspace_limit | integer | 0 | warning limit on size in bytes of a Java sessionspace | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | job_queue_interval | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | job_queue_keep_connections | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | job_queue_processes | integer | 4000 | Maximum number of job queue slave processes | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _key_vector_caching | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _kgl_debug | | Enable library cache related debug options | | | | | |
| ✗ | ✗ | _kgl_latch_count | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _kks_free_cursor_stat_pct | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _kspptbl_mem_usage | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | large_pool_min_alloc | | | Memory allocations larger than this value are made from the reserved list if a chunk of memory of sufficient size is not found on the shared pool free list | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | large_pool_size | big integer | 134217728 | size in bytes of large pool | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | ldap_directory_access | string | NONE | RDBMS's LDAP access option. See also rdbms_server_dn | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | ldap_directory_sysauth | string | no | OID usage parameter | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | lgwr_io_slaves | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | license_max_sessions | integer | 0 | maximum number of non-system user sessions allowed | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | license_max_users | integer | 0 | maximum number of named users that can be created in the database | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | license_sessions_warning | integer | 0 | warning level for number of non-system user sessions | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | listener_networks | string | NULL | listener registration networks | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _lm_direct_sends | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | lm_locks | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _lm_multiple_receivers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | lm_procs | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _lm_rcv_buffer_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | lm_ress | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _lm_statistics | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | local_listener | string | NULL | local listener | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | lock_name_space | string | NULL | lock name space used for generating lock names for standby/clone database | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | lock_sga | boolean | FALSE | Lock entire SGA in physical memory | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | lock_sga_areas | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _log_archive_buffer_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_archive_config | string | NONE | log archive config | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_archive_dest | string | NONE | archival destination text string | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | log_archive_dest_{1..31} | string | NONE | archival destination #{1..31} text string | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | log_archive_dest_state_{1..31} | string | enable | archival destination #{1..31} state text string | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_archive_duplex_dest | string | NONE | duplex archival destination text string | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_archive_format | string | ARC%S_%R.%T | archival destination format | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_archive_max_processes | integer | 4 | maximum number of active ARCH processes | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_archive_min_succeed_dest | integer | 1 | minimum number of archive destinations that must succeed | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | log_archive_start | boolean | FALSE | start archival process on SGA initialization | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_archive_trace | integer | 0 | Establish archive operation tracing level | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | log_block_checksum | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_buffer | big integer | 0 | redo circular buffer size | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | development/databases/Oracle/adminstration/init-parameters/log/checkpoint/interval | integer | 0 | # redo blocks checkpoint threshold | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_checkpoints_to_alert | boolean | FALSE | log checkpoint begin/end to alert file | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_checkpoint_timeout | integer | 1800 | Maximum time interval between checkpoints in seconds | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _log_event_queues | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | log_file_name_convert | string | NULL | logfile name convert patterns and strings for standby/clone db | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | log_files | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _log_io_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | logmnr_max_persistent_sessions | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | log_parallelism | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | log_simultaneous_copies | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | log_small_entry_max_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | long_module_action | boolean | TRUE | Use longer module and action | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | max_columns | | | Specifies the maximum number of columns in a table. Introduced in 23c | | | | |
| ✗ | ✗ | max_commit_propagation_delay | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_datapump_jobs_per_pdb | integer | 100 | maximum number of concurrent Data Pump Jobs per PDB | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_dispatchers | integer | 4294967295 | max number of dispatchers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_dump_file_size | string | unlimited | Maximum size (in bytes) of dump file | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_idle_time | integer | 0 | maximum session idle time in minutes | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_iops | integer | 0 | MAX IO per second | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _max_log_write_io_parallelism | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_mbps | integer | 0 | MAX MB per second | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_pdbs | integer | 4098 | max number of pdbs allowed in CDB or Application ROOT | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | max_rollback_segments | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_shared_servers | integer | 4294967295 | max number of shared servers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_idle_blocker_time | integer | 0 | Number of minutes that a blocking session can remain idle until it is terminated. | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | max_string_size | string | STANDARD | controls maximum size of VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2 and RAW types in SQL | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | max_transaction_branches | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | memoptimize_pool_size | big integer | 0 | Size of cache for imoltp buffers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | memory_max_target | big integer | 0 | Max size for Memory Target | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | memory_target | big integer | 0 | Target size of Oracle SGA and PGA memory | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | mle_prog_languages | string | all | Enable Multilingual Engine | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | mle_regexp_accelerator | string | SQL | Accelerate regular expression evaluation using MLE | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _module_action_old_length | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_circuits | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_dispatchers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_listener_address | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_max_dispatchers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_max_servers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_multiple_listeners | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_servers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_service | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | mts_sessions | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | multishard_query_data_consistency | string | strong | consistency setting for multishard queries | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | multishard_query_partial_results | string | not allowed | enable partial results for multishard queries | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | _mv_refresh_use_stats | | | pass cardinality hints to refresh queries. Has an effect on gathering stats on MLOG$ (MOS Note 1958707.1) | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_calendar | string | NONE | NLS calendar system name | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_comp | string | BINARY | NLS comparison | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_currency | string | NONE | NLS local currency symbol | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_date_format | string | NONE | NLS Oracle date format | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_date_language | string | NONE | NLS date language name | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_dual_currency | string | NONE | Dual currency symbol | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_iso_currency | string | NONE | NLS ISO currency territory name | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | nls_language | string | AMERICAN | NLS language name | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_length_semantics | string | BYTE | create columns using byte or char semantics by default | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_nchar_conv_excp | string | FALSE | NLS raise an exception instead of allowing implicit conversion | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_numeric_characters | string | NONE | NLS numeric characters | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_sort | string | NONE | NLS linguistic definition name | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | nls_territory | string | AMERICA | NLS territory name | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_time_format | string | NONE | time format | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_timestamp_format | string | NONE | time stamp format | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_timestamp_tz_format | string | NONE | timestamp with timezone format | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | nls_time_tz_format | string | NONE | time with timezone format | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | noncdb_compatible | boolean | FALSE | Non-CDB Compatible | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | object_cache_max_size_percent | integer | 10 | percentage of maximum size over optimal of the user session's object cache | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | object_cache_optimal_size | integer | 10240000 | optimal size of the user session's object cache in bytes | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | ofs_threads | integer | 4 | Number of OFS threads | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | ogms_home | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | olap_page_pool_size | big integer | 0 | size of the olap page pool in bytes | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | one_step_plugin_for_pdb_with_tde | boolean | FALSE | Facilitate one-step plugin for PDB with TDE encrypted data | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | open_cursors | integer | 50 | Maximum number of cursors per session | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | open_links | integer | 4 | Maximum number of open links (database links, external procedures and cartridges) per session | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | open_links_per_instance | integer | 4 | Maximum of open links per instance | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | ops_admin_group | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | ops_interconnects | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | optimizer_adaptive_features | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _optimizer_adaptive_plans | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_adaptive_plans | boolean | TRUE | controls all types of adaptive plans. Setting it to false disables the following adaptive features: nested loop join/hash join selection, star tranformation bitmap pruning and adaptive parallel distribution method. | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_adaptive_reporting_only | boolean | FALSE | use reporting-only mode for adaptive optimizations | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_adaptive_statistics | boolean | FALSE | controls all types of adaptive statistics. Setting it to false disables SQL plan directives, statistics feedback for joins and adaptive dynamic sampling for parallel execution (but does not stop creating SQL plan directives). | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines | boolean | FALSE | automatic capture of SQL plan baselines for repeatable statements | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | _optimizer_answering_query_using_stats | | | | | | | |
| ? | ? | optimizer_capture_sql_quarantine | boolean | FALSE | enables/disables automatic creation of SQL quarantine configurations | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✗ | ✗ | _optimizer_choose_permutation | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _optimizer_cost_based_transformation | | | | | | | |
| | | _optimizer_cost_model | | | | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_dynamic_sampling | integer | 2 | optimizer dynamic sampling | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | _optimizer_dyn_smp_blks | | | Number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_features_enable | string | 18.1.0 | Enable certain optimizer features based on the version number to which the value of this parameter corresponds | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ? | ? | _optimizer_extend_jppd_view_types | boolean | | join pred pushdown on group by, distinct, semi-/anti-joined views | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_ignore_hints | boolean | FALSE | Ignore (optimizer related?) hints | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _optimizer_ignore_hints | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_ignore_parallel_hints | boolean | FALSE | enables embedded parallel hints to be ignored | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_index_caching | integer | 0 | Adjust the readiness towards choosing nested loops and in-list iterators (This parameter should be deprecated in favor of system statistics) | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_index_cost_adj | integer | 100 | Adjust the (relative) cost of an index access path (100 = full cost; 0 = no cost at all) (This parameter should be deprecated in favor of system statistics) | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_inmemory_aware | boolean | TRUE | optimizer in-memory columnar awareness | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ? | ? | _optimizer_invalidation_period | integer | 18000 ? | time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects (used when parameter no_invalidate is passed null in dbms_stats) | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✗ | ✗ | optimizer_max_permutations | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_mode | string | all_rows | optimizer mode | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | optimizer_percent_parallel | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ? | ? | optimizer_real_time_statistics | bool | FALSE | If set to true, Oracle will gather real-time statistics during conventional DML statements | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✗ | ✗ | optimizer_search_limit | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_secure_view_merging | boolean | TRUE | optimizer secure view merging and predicate pushdown/movearound | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ? | ? | optimizer_session_type | string | NORMAL | How to perform automatic indexing for SQL statements in the session | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_use_invisible_indexes | boolean | FALSE | Enable/disable invisible indexes | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_use_pending_statistics | boolean | FALSE | Control whether to use optimizer pending statistics when compiling SQL statements | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines | boolean | TRUE | use of SQL plan baselines for captured sql statements | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ? | ? | optimizer_use_sql_quarantine | boolean | true | Do or don't consider SQL quarantine configurations when an SQL execution plan is chosen | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ? | ? | _oracle_script | boolean(?) | false ? | | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| | | _optim_peek_user_binds | | | | | | | |
| ✗ | ✗ | oracle_trace_collection_name | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | oracle_trace_collection_path | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | oracle_trace_collection_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | oracle_trace_enable | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _oracle_trace_events | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | oracle_trace_facility_name | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | oracle_trace_facility_path | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _oracle_trace_facility_version | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | os_authent_prefix | string | OPS$ | prefix for auto-logon accounts | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | os_roles | boolean | FALSE | retrieve roles from the operating system | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | outbound_dblink_protocols | string | ALL | Outbound DBLINK Protocols allowed | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| | | o7_dictionary_accessibility | | | o7_dictionary_accessibility was deprecated and removed in 19c (MOS Note 206795.1). See also the ANALYZE ANY DICTIONARY system privilege | | | | |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_adaptive_multi_user | boolean | FALSE | enable adaptive setting of degree for multiple user streams | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_automatic_tuning | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_broadcast_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_default_max_instances | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_degree_level | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_degree_limit | string | CPU | limit placed on degree of parallelism | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_degree_policy | string | MANUAL | policy used to compute the degree of parallelism (MANUAL, LIMITED, AUTO or ADAPTIVE) | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_execution_message_size | integer | 4294967295 | message buffer size for parallel execution | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_force_local | boolean | FALSE | force single instance execution | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_instance_group | string | NONE | instance group to use for all parallel operations | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_io_cap_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_max_servers | integer | 4294967295 | maximum parallel query servers per instance | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_min_degree | string | 1 | controls the minimum DOP computed by Auto DOP | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_min_message_pool | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_min_percent | integer | 0 | minimum percent of threads required for parallel query | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_min_servers | integer | 0 | Number of parallel execution servers that are created at instance startup | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_min_time_threshold | string | AUTO | threshold above which a plan is a candidate for parallelization (in seconds) | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_server | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_server_idle_time | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_server_instances | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_servers_target | integer | 0 | instance target in terms of number of parallel servers | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | parallel_threads_per_cpu | integer | 1 | number of parallel execution threads per CPU | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | parallel_transaction_resource_timeout | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | partition_view_enabled | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | pdb_file_name_convert | string | NULL | PDB file name convert patterns and strings for create cdb/pdb | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | pdb_lockdown | string | NULL | pluggable database lockdown profile | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | pdb_os_credential | string | NULL | pluggable database OS credential to bind | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | pdb_template | string | NULL | PDB template | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | permit_92_wrap_format | boolean | TRUE | allow 9.2 or older wrap format in PL/SQL | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | pga_aggregate_limit | big integer | 0 | Limit of aggregate PGA memory for the instance or PDB | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | pga_aggregate_target | big integer | 0 | Target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed by the instance | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _plan_verify_local_time_limit | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | plscope_settings | string | IDENTIFIERS:NONE | Settings for PL/Scope: the compile time collection, cross reference, and storage of PL/SQL source code identifier and SQL statement data | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | plsql_ccflag | string | NONE | PL/SQL ccflags | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | plsql_code_type | string | INTERPRETED | PL/SQL code-type | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_compiler_flags | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _plsql_conditional_compilation | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_debug | boolean | FALSE | PL/SQL debug | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_native_c_compiler | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_native_library_dir | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_native_library_subdir_count | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_native_linker | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_native_make_file_name | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_native_make_utility | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | plsql_optimize_level | integer | 2 | PL/SQL optimize level | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | plsql_v2_compatibility | boolean | FALSE | PL/SQL version 2.x compatibility flag | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | plsql_warnings | string | NONE | PL/SQL compiler warnings settings | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _post_wait_queues_dynamic_queues | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | pre_page_sga | boolean | TRUE | pre-page sga for process | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | private_temp_table_prefix | string | ORA$PTT_ | Private temporary table prefix | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | processes | integer | 0 | user processes | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | processor_group_name | string | NULL | Name of the processor group that this instance should run in. | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | push_join_predicate | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _px_async_getgranule | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _px_reuse_server_group | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _px_slaves_share_cursors | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _px_trace | | | | | | | |
| | | _qa_lrg_type | | | Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | query_rewrite_enabled | string | true | allow rewrite of queries using materialized views if enabled | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | query_rewrite_integrity | string | enforced | perform rewrite using materialized views with desired integrity | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | rdbms_server_dn | string | NONE | RDBMS's Distinguished Name. Deprecated in favor of ldap_directory_access | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | read_only_open_delayed | boolean | FALSE | if TRUE delay opening of read only files until first access | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | recovery_parallelism | integer | 0 | number of server processes to use for parallel recovery | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | recyclebin | string | on | Enable or disable the recycle bin. | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | redo_transport_user | string | NONE | Data Guard transport user when using password file | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | remote_archive_enable | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | remote_dependencies_mode | string | timestamp | remote-procedure-call dependencies mode parameter | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | remote_listener | string | NULL | remote listener | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | remote_login_passwordfile | string | exclusive | password file usage parameter | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | remote_os_authent | boolean | FALSE | allow non-secure remote clients to use auto-logon accounts | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | remote_os_roles | boolean | FALSE | allow non-secure remote clients to use os roles | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | remote_recovery_file_dest | string | NONE | default remote database recovery file location for refresh/relocate | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | replication_dependency_tracking | boolean | TRUE | tracking dependency for Replication parallel propagation | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | resource_limit | boolean | TRUE | master switch for resource limit | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | resource_manage_goldengate | boolean | FALSE | goldengate resource manager enabled | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | resource_manager_cpu_allocation | integer | 0 | Resource Manager CPU allocation | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | resource_manager_plan | string | NULL | resource mgr top plan | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | result_cache_execution_threshold | | | | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | result_cache_max_result | integer | 5 | maximum result size as percent of cache size | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | result_cache_max_size | big integer | 1 | maximum amount of memory to be used by the cache | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| | | result_cache_max_tem_size | | | | | | | |
| ✓ | ✗ | result_cache_mode | string | MANUAL | result cache operator usage mode | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | result_cache_remote_expiration | integer | 0 | maximum life time (min) for any result using a remote object | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | resumable_timeout | integer | 0 | set resumable_timeout | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | rollback_segments | string | NULL | undo segment list | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | row_cache_cursors | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | row_locking | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _rowsets_enabled | | | | | | | |
| | | _rowsource_execution_statistics | boolean | | if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| | | _rowsource_profiling_statistics | boolean | | if TRUE, Oracle will capture active row sources in v$active_session_history | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| | | _rowsource_statistics_sampfreq | | | frequency of rowsource statistic sampling | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✗ | ✗ | sec_case_sensitive_logon | boolean | TRUE | case sensitive password enabled for logon | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sec_max_failed_login_attempts | integer | 3 | maximum number of failed login attempts on a connection | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sec_protocol_error_further_action | string | (DROP,3) | TTC protocol error continue action | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sec_protocol_error_trace_action | string | TRACE | TTC protocol error action | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sec_return_server_release_banner | boolean | FALSE | whether the server retruns the complete version information | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _seq_process_cache_const | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sequence_cache_entries | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sequence_cache_hash_buckets | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | serializable | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | serial_reuse | string | disable | reuse the frame segments | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | service_names | string | NULL | service names supported by the instance | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | session_cached_cursors | integer | 50 | Number of cursors to cache in a session | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | session_max_open_files | integer | 10 | maximum number of open files allowed per session | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | sessions | integer | 4294967295 | user and system sessions | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sga_max_size | big integer | 0 | max total SGA size | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sga_min_size | big integer | 0 | Minimum, guaranteed size of PDB's SGA | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | sga_target | big integer | 0 | A non zero value enables automatic shared memory management and specifies the size of SGA. | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | shadow_core_dump | string | none | Core Size for Shadow Processes | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | shared_memory_address | integer | 0 | SGA starting address (low order 32-bits on 64-bit platforms) | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | shared_pool_reserved_size | big integer | 0 | size in bytes of reserved area of shared pool | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | shared_pool_size | big integer | 134217728 | size in bytes of shared pool | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✓ | shared_servers | integer | 4294967294 | number of shared servers to start up | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | shared_server_sessions | integer | 4294967295 | max number of shared server sessions | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | shrd_dupl_table_refresh_rate | integer | 60 | duplicated table refresh rate (in seconds) | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | skip_unusable_indexes | boolean | TRUE | skip unusable indexes if set to TRUE | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | smtp_out_server | string | NULL | utl_smtp server and port configuration parameter | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | snapshot_refresh_interval | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | snapshot_refresh_keep_connections | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | snapshot_refresh_processes | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sort_area_retained_size | integer | 0 | size of in-memory sort work area retained between fetch calls. See also MOS note 109907.1 How to Determine an Optimal SORT_AREA_SIZE | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sort_area_size | integer | 65536 | size of in-memory sort work area | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sort_direct_writes | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sort_multiblock_read_count | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sort_read_fac | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sort_spacemap_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sort_write_buffers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sort_write_buffer_size | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | spatial_vector_acceleration | boolean | FALSE | enable spatial vector acceleration | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | spfile | string | NONE | server parameter file | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | spin_count | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _spr_use_hash_table | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sql92_security | boolean | TRUE | require select privilege for searched update/delete | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _sqlexec_progression_cost | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sql_trace | boolean | FALSE | write SQL trace files | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | sqltune_category | string | DEFAULT | Category qualifier for applying hintsets | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | sql_version | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | standby_archive_dest | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | standby_db_preserve_states | string | NONE | Preserve state cross standby role transition | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | standby_file_management | string | MANUAL | if auto then files are created/dropped automatically on standby | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | standby_pdb_source_file_dblink | string | NULL | database link to standby source files | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | standby_pdb_source_file_directory | string | NULL | standby source file directory location | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | standby_preserves_names | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | star_transformation_enabled | string | FALSE | enable the use of star transformation | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | statistics_level | string | TYPICAL | statistics level (see also v$statistics_level) | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | streams_pool_size | big integer | 0 | size in bytes of the streams pool | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| | | _table_scan_cost_plus_one | boolean | TRUE | Bump estimated full table scan and index fast full scans cost by one | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✓ | ✗ | tape_asynch_io | boolean | TRUE | Use asynch I/O requests for tape devices | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | target_pdbs | integer | 1 | Parameter is a hint to adjust certain attributes of the CDB | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | tde_configuration | string | NONE | Per-PDB configuration for Transparent Data Encryption | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | temporary_table_locks | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | temp_undo_enabled | boolean | FALSE | Enable/disable temporary undo | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | text_enable | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | thread | integer | 0 | Redo thread to mount | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | threaded_execution | boolean | FALSE | Threaded Execution Mode | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | timed_os_statistics | integer | 0 | internal os statistic gathering interval in seconds | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | timed_statistics | boolean | FALSE | maintain internal timing statistics | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | trace_enabled | boolean | TRUE | enable in memory tracing | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | tracefile_identifier | string | NULL | trace file custom identifier | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| | | _trace_buffers | string | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| | | _trace_events | string | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| | | _trace_kqlidp | string | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ✗ | ✗ | transaction_auditing | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | transactions | integer | 4294967295 | max. number of concurrent active transactions | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | transactions_per_rollback_segment | integer | 5 | number of active transactions per rollback segment | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | undo_management | string | AUTO | instance runs in SMU mode if TRUE, else in RBU mode | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | undo_retention | integer | 900 | undo retention in seconds | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | undo_suppress_errors | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✓ | undo_tablespace | string | NONE | use/switch undo tablespace | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | unified_audit_sga_queue_size | integer | 1048576 | Size of Unified audit SGA Queue | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | unified_audit_systemlog | boolean | FALSE | Windows event log for Unified Audit | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | uniform_log_timestamp_format | boolean | TRUE | use uniform timestamp formats vs pre-12.2 formats | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | use_dedicated_broker | boolean | TRUE | Use dedicated connection broker | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _use_hidden_partitions | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | use_indirect_data_buffers | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | use_ism | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | use_large_pages | string | TRUE | Use large pages if available (TRUE/FALSE/ONLY) | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | user_dump_dest | string | ?#\RDBMS\TRACE | User process dump directory. Compare background_dump_dest. See also (select value from v$diag_info where name = 'Diag Trace'; | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| ✗ | ✗ | utl_file_dir | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✗ | ✗ | _very_large_partitioned_table | | | | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | wallet_root | string | NONE | wallet root instance initialization parameter | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| ✓ | ✗ | workarea_size_policy | string | AUTO | Policy used to size SQL working areas | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ✓ | ✗ | xml_db_events | string | enable | are XML DB events enabled | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |