Search notes:

intl.cpl

Control panel for regional (and international?) settings.
In Windows 10, intl.cpl does not support the new settings that are availabe in the Region and Language section of the control panel. Instead, the PowerShell cmdLets of the International module should be used to configure Windows 10.
C:\> control.exe intl.cpl,,0     rem   Formats
C:\> control.exe intl.cpl,,1     rem   Administrative
Alternatively, the respective control panel can also be opened with the canonical name
C:\> control /name Microsoft.RegionAndLanguage

Values stored in registry

The values that can be changed through the region control panel seem to be stored in the registry under the key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\International.

Setting date and time formats

See also format specifiers in values of the registry key key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\International

Additional settings

Some additional settings include:
Decimal symbol
Digit grouping symbol
Digit grouping
Negative sign symbol
Display leading zeros
List separator Influences how CSV is imported into Excel or if an Excel worksheet function separates arguments with a semicolon or a comma.
Measurement system

Importing settings from an XML file

Some xml file

Keyboard layout

Change the keyboard layout.
The fancy numbers (like 0409 or 100C) are language ids.
<gs:GlobalizationServices xmlns:gs="urn:longhornGlobalizationUnattend">

    <gs:UserList>
        <gs:User UserID="Current"/>
    </gs:UserList>

    <gs:InputPreferences>

        <!--add en-US keyboard input-->
        <gs:InputLanguageID Action="add"    ID="0409:00000409"/>

        <!--remove fr-CH keyboard input-->
        <gs:InputLanguageID Action="remove" ID="100C:0000100C"/>

    </gs:InputPreferences>

</gs:GlobalizationServices>

Change locale

Change the locale:
<gs:GlobalizationServices xmlns:gs="urn:longhornGlobalizationUnattend">

    <gs:UserList>
        <gs:User UserID="Current"/>
    </gs:UserList>

    <gs:UserLocale>
        <gs:Locale Name="de-CH" SetAsCurrent="true"/>
    </gs:UserLocale>

</gs:GlobalizationServices>

Import the XML file

The XML file can then be imported with the following command
control intl.cpl,, /f:"%CD%\some-xml.xml"
Note: the apostrophes (after the /f) that enclose the path to the XML file seem to be necessary!

See also

The Administrative tab
The formats tab can also be opened from the command line with
control.exe international
Compare with Windows Settings (Time & Language): Region & language)

Index