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Windows control panel

The control panel can be used to configure optional Windows features (rather than application) such as hardware and software setup, security related settings, general maintenance, user management etc.
In Windows 10, the contral panel items are gradually moved to the Settings application.

Opening the control panel from a console

The control panel can be opened in cmd.exe with a simple 
c:\> control.exe

Control panel items

The individual panels that can be opened from the control panel are referred to as control panel items.
If such a control panel item can be reached directly from the control panel itself, the item is called a top-level control panel item.
A control panel item can be opened in cmd.exe with either a GUID or a canonical name: 
C:\> explorer shell:::{GUID}
C:\> control /name name.of.control.panel
The GUIDs and canonical names are shown in the next table.
The GUIDs are in fact CLSIDs that pertain to control panel items. These CLSIDs are (also) found in the registry under the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel\NameSpace.
The canonical name is found under that registry key in the value of System.ApplicationName

Canonical names

Each control panel item is assigned a (non-localized) canonical name which allows to open it from the command line (cmd.exe or PowerShell): 
c:\> %systemroot%\system32\control.exe /name canonical.name
The name convention for these canonical name is CorporateName.ControlPanelItemName.
Name Canonical name GUID Module Name Pages or comments
Action Center Microsoft.ActionCenter {BB64F8A7-BEE7-4E1A-AB8D-7D8273F7FDB6} (GUID seems to belong to Security and Maintenance) @%SystemRoot%\System32\ActionCenterCPL.dll,-1 MaintenanceSettings -> Automatic Maintenance; pageProblems -> Problem Reports ; pageReliabilityView -> Reliability Monitor ; pageResponseArchive -> Archived Messages ; pageSettings -> Problem Reporting Settings
Administrative Tools Microsoft.AdministrativeTools {D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524153} @%SystemRoot%\system32\shell32.dll,-22982
AutoPlay Microsoft.AutoPlay {9C60DE1E-E5FC-40f4-A487-460851A8D915} @%SystemRoot%\System32\autoplay.dll,-1
Biometric Devices Microsoft.BiometricDevices {0142e4d0-fb7a-11dc-ba4a-000ffe7ab428} @%SystemRoot%\System32\biocpl.dll,-1
BitLocker Drive Encryption Microsoft.BitLockerDriveEncryption {D9EF8727-CAC2-4e60-809E-86F80A666C91} @%SystemRoot%\System32\fvecpl.dll,-1
Color Management Microsoft.ColorManagement {B2C761C6-29BC-4f19-9251-E6195265BAF1} @%systemroot%\system32\colorcpl.exe,-6
Credential Manager Microsoft.CredentialManager {1206F5F1-0569-412C-8FEC-3204630DFB70} @%SystemRoot%\system32\Vault.dll,-1 ?SelectedVault=CredmanVault -> Windows Credentials
Date and Time Microsoft.DateAndTime {E2E7934B-DCE5-43C4-9576-7FE4F75E7480} @%SystemRoot%\System32\timedate.cpl,-51 1 -> Additional Clocks
Default Programs Microsoft.DefaultPrograms {17cd9488-1228-4b2f-88ce-4298e93e0966} @%SystemRoot%\System32\sud.dll,-1 pageDefaultProgram -> Set Default Programs ; pageFileAssoc -> Set Associations
Device Manager Microsoft.DeviceManager {74246BFC-4C96-11D0-ABEF-0020AF6B0B7A} @%SystemRoot%\System32\devmgr.dll,-4
Devices and Printers Microsoft.DevicesAndPrinters {A8A91A66-3A7D-4424-8D24-04E180695C7A} @%systemroot%\system32\DeviceCenter.dll,-1000
Display Microsoft.Display {C555438B-3C23-4769-A71F-B6D3D9B6053A} @%SystemRoot%\System32\Display.dll,-1 Settings -> Screen Resolution // As of Windows 10, this GUID is no longer working
Ease of Access Center Microsoft.EaseOfAccessCenter {D555645E-D4F8-4c29-A827-D93C859C4F2A} @%SystemRoot%\System32\accessibilitycpl.dll,-10 pageEasierToClick -> Make the mouse easier to use ; pageEasierToSee -> Make the computer easier to see ; pageEasierWithSounds -> Use text or visual alternatives for sounds ; pageFilterKeysSettings -> Set up Filter Keys ; pageKeyboardEasierToUse -> Make the keyboard easier to use ; pageNoMouseOrKeyboard -> Use the computer without a mouse or keyboard ; pageNoVisual -> Use the computer without a display ; pageQuestionsCognitive -> Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use (cognitive) ; pageQuestionsEyesight -> Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use (eyesight)
Family Safety Microsoft.ParentalControls {96AE8D84-A250-4520-95A5-A47A7E3C548B} @%SystemRoot%\System32\wpccpl.dll,-100 pageUserHub -> Choose a user and set up Family Safety
File History Microsoft.FileHistory {F6B6E965-E9B2-444B-9286-10C9152EDBC5} @%SystemRoot%\System32\fhcpl.dll,-52 File History includes a newer version of the Backup and Restore item, but that older item's canonical name does not remap to File History.
Folder Options Microsoft.FolderOptions {6DFD7C5C-2451-11d3-A299-00C04F8EF6AF} @%SystemRoot%\system32\shell32.dll,-22985
Fonts (?) Microsoft.Fonts {BD84B380-8CA2-1069-AB1D-08000948F534} @%SystemRoot%\System32\FontExt.dll,-199
Fonts (?) Microsoft.FontSettings {93412589-74D4-4E4E-AD0E-E0CB621440FD} @%SystemRoot%\System32\FontExt.dll,-8007
HomeGroup Microsoft.HomeGroup {67CA7650-96E6-4FDD-BB43-A8E774F73A57} @%SystemRoot%\System32\hgcpl.dll,-1
Indexing Options Microsoft.IndexingOptions {87D66A43-7B11-4A28-9811-C86EE395ACF7} @%SystemRoot%\System32\srchadmin.dll,-601
Infrared Microsoft.Infrared {A0275511-0E86-4ECA-97C2-ECD8F1221D08} @%SystemRoot%\System32\irprops.cpl,-1
Internet Options Microsoft.InternetOptions {A3DD4F92-658A-410F-84FD-6FBBBEF2FFFE} @C:\\Windows\\System32\\inetcpl.cpl,-4312 1 -> Security ; 2 -> Privacy ; 3 -> Content ; 4 -> Connections ; 5 -> Programs ; 6 -> Advanced
iSCSI Initiator Microsoft.iSCSIInitiator {A304259D-52B8-4526-8B1A-A1D6CECC8243} @%SystemRoot%\System32\iscsicpl.dll,-5001
iSNS Server Microsoft.iSNSServer {0D2A3442-5181-4E3A-9BD4-83BD10AF3D76} @%SystemRoot%\System32\isnssrv.dll,-5005 Only in Server Versions of Windows.
Keyboard Microsoft.Keyboard {725BE8F7-668E-4C7B-8F90-46BDB0936430} @%SystemRoot%\System32\main.cpl,-102 Changes values in the registry under the key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Keyboard
Location Settings Microsoft.LocationSettings {E9950154-C418-419e-A90A-20C5287AE24B} @%SystemRoot%\System32\SensorsCpl.dll,-1
Mouse Microsoft.Mouse {6C8EEC18-8D75-41B2-A177-8831D59D2D50} @%SystemRoot%\System32\main.cpl,-100 1 -> Pointers ; 2 -> Pointer Options ; 3 -> Wheel ; 4 -> Hardware
MPIOConfiguration Microsoft.MPIOConfiguration {AB3BE6AA-7561-4838-AB77-ACF8427DF426} @%SystemRoot%\System32\mpiocpl.dll,-1000 This Control Panel item will be seen only in server versions of Windows.
Network and Sharing Center Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter {8E908FC9-BECC-40f6-915B-F4CA0E70D03D} @%SystemRoot%\System32\netcenter.dll,-1 Advanced -> Advanced sharing settings ; ShareMedia -> Media streaming options
Notification Area Icons Microsoft.NotificationAreaIcons {05D7B0F4-2121-4EFF-BF6B-ED3F69B894D9} @%SystemRoot%\System32\taskbarcpl.dll,-1
Pen and Touch Microsoft.PenAndTouch {F82DF8F7-8B9F-442E-A48C-818EA735FF9B} @%SystemRoot%\System32\tabletpc.cpl,-10103 1 -> Flicks ; 2 -> Handwriting
Personalization Microsoft.Personalization {ED834ED6-4B5A-4bfe-8F11-A626DCB6A921} @%SystemRoot%\System32\themecpl.dll,-1 pageColorization -> Color and Appearance ; pageWallpaper -> Desktop Background
Phone and Modem Microsoft.PhoneAndModem {40419485-C444-4567-851A-2DD7BFA1684D} @%SystemRoot%\System32\telephon.cpl,-1 The window that this value launches is titled «Location Information»: in versions of Windows prior to Windows 8. The item's UI is considerably changed as of Windows 8.
Power Options Microsoft.PowerOptions {025A5937-A6BE-4686-A844-36FE4BEC8B6D} @%SystemRoot%\System32\powercpl.dll,-1 pageGlobalSettings -> System Settings ; pagePlanSettings -> Edit Plan Settings / See also powercfg.exe
Programs and Features Microsoft.ProgramsAndFeatures {7B81BE6A-CE2B-4676-A29E-EB907A5126C5} @%systemroot%\system32\appwiz.cpl,-159 ::{D450A8A1-9568-45C7-9C0E-B4F9FB4537BD} -> Installed Updates
Recovery Microsoft.Recovery {9FE63AFD-59CF-4419-9775-ABCC3849F861} @%SystemRoot%\System32\recovery.dll,-101
Region Microsoft.RegionAndLanguage {62D8ED13-C9D0-4CE8-A914-47DD628FB1B0} @%SystemRoot%\System32\intl.cpl,-1 The Region and Language item found in Windows 7 was split as of Windows 8. Microsoft.RegionAndLanguage now launches the Region item. To launch the Language item, use Microsoft.Language. 1 -> Location ; 2 -> Administrative
RemoteApp and Desktop Connections Microsoft.RemoteAppAndDesktopConnections {241D7C96-F8BF-4F85-B01F-E2B043341A4B} @%SystemRoot%\System32\tsworkspace.dll,-15300
Sound Microsoft.Sound {F2DDFC82-8F12-4CDD-B7DC-D4FE1425AA4D} @%SystemRoot%\System32\mmsys.cpl,-300
Speech Recognition Microsoft.SpeechRecognition {58E3C745-D971-4081-9034-86E34B30836A} @%SystemRoot%\System32\Speech\SpeechUX\speechuxcpl.dll,-1
Storage Spaces Microsoft.StorageSpaces {F942C606-0914-47AB-BE56-1321B8035096} @C:\\Windows\\System32\\SpaceControl.dll,-1
Sync Center Microsoft.SyncCenter {9C73F5E5-7AE7-4E32-A8E8-8D23B85255BF} @%SystemRoot%\System32\SyncCenter.dll,-3000
System Microsoft.System {BB06C0E4-D293-4f75-8A90-CB05B6477EEE} @%SystemRoot%\System32\systemcpl.dll,-1
Tablet PC Settings Microsoft.TabletPCSettings {80F3F1D5-FECA-45F3-BC32-752C152E456E} @%SystemRoot%\System32\tabletpc.cpl,-10100
Taskbar and Navigation (Start menu) Microsoft.Taskbar {0DF44EAA-FF21-4412-828E-260A8728E7F1} @%SystemRoot%\system32\shell32.dll,-32517
Troubleshooting Microsoft.Troubleshooting {C58C4893-3BE0-4B45-ABB5-A63E4B8C8651} @%SystemRoot%\System32\DiagCpl.dll,-1 HistoryPage -> History
TSAppInstall Microsoft.TSAppInstall {BAA884F4-3432-48B8-AA72-9BF20EEF31D5} @%systemroot%\system32\tsappinstall.exe,-2001
User Accounts Microsoft.UserAccounts {60632754-C523-4B62-B45C-4172DA012619} @%SystemRoot%\System32\usercpl.dll,-1 See user account
Windows Anytime Upgrade Microsoft.WindowsAnytimeUpgrade {BE122A0E-4503-11DA-8BDE-F66BAD1E3F3A} @$(resourceString._SYS_MOD_PATH),-1
Windows Defender Microsoft.WindowsDefender {D8559EB9-20C0-410E-BEDA-7ED416AECC2A} @%ProgramFiles%\Windows Defender\MsMpRes.dll,-104 2021-08-11: is this entry still valid?
Windows Firewall Microsoft.WindowsFirewall {4026492F-2F69-46B8-B9BF-5654FC07E423} @C:\\Windows\\system32\\FirewallControlPanel.dll,-12122 pageConfigureApps -> Allowed apps
Windows Mobility Center Microsoft.MobilityCenter {5EA4F148-308C-46D7-98A9-49041B1DD468} @%SystemRoot%\system32\mblctr.exe,-1002
Windows To Go Microsoft.PortableWorkspaceCreator {8E0C279D-0BD1-43C3-9EBD-31C3DC5B8A77} @%SystemRoot%\System32\pwcreator.exe,-151
Windows Update Microsoft.WindowsUpdate {36EEF7DB-88AD-4E81-AD49-0E313F0C35F8} @%SystemRoot%\system32\wucltux.dll,-1 pageSettings -> Change settings ; pageUpdateHistory -> View update history
Work Folders Microsoft.WorkFolders {ECDB0924-4208-451E-8EE0-373C0956DE16} @C:\\Windows\\System32\\WorkfoldersControl.dll,-1
? ? {05D7B0F4-2121-4EFF-BF6B-ED3F69B894D9} ?
? Microsoft.DefaultPrograms {17CD9488-1228-4B2F-88CE-4298E93E0966} ?
? Alps.DellTouchpad {7F5B8FA4-BEEC-11cf-9BD7-B76592786C03} ? This control panel item seems to come preinstalled with a DELL laptop
? Microsoft.BackupAndRestore {B98A2BEA-7D42-4558-8BD1-832F41BAC6FD} ?
? Microsoft.TextToSpeech {D17D1D6D-CC3F-4815-8FE3-607E7D5D10B3} ?
? RST {E342F0FE-FF1C-4c41-BE37-A0271FC90396} ? Intel Rapid Storage Technology
Misc:

Control panel applications

Control panel applications are stored in a DLL with the special suffix .cpl.
These DLLs need an entry point that is named CPlApplet and has the following signature: 
LONG CPlApplet(
  HWND hwndCPl,
  UINT msg,
  LPARAM lParam1,
  LPARAM lParam2
);

TODO

What is sdcpl.dll, the Backup and Restore (Windows 7) Control Panel?

See also

The registry keys under HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Control Panel.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Control Panel\don't load seems to list some *.cpl that are hidden in the control panel.
Configuring Windows
IShellDispatch::controlPanelItem()

Links

How to run Control Panel tools by typing a command

Displaying control panel items in PowerShell

In PowerShell, the available control panel items can be displayed with 
get-controlPanelItem | select-object -property name,description,category:
Name Description Description Comment
Security and Maintenance Review recent messages and resolve problems with your computer. System and Security
Administrative Tools Configure administrative settings for your computer. System and Security
AutoPlay Change default settings for CDs, DVDs, and devices so that you can automatically play music, view pictures, install software, and play games. Hardware and Sound
Backup and Restore (Windows 7) Recover copies of your files backed up in Windows 7 System and Security
BitLocker Drive Encryption Protect your PC using BitLocker Drive Encryption. System and Security
Color Management Change advanced color management settings for displays, scanners, and printers. All Control Panel Items
Credential Manager Manage your Windows credentials. User Accounts
Date and Time Set the date, time, and time zone for your computer. Clock and Region
Default Programs Choose which programs you want Windows to use for activities like web browsing, editing photos, sending e-mail, and playing music. Programs
Device Manager View and update your device hardware settings and driver software. All Control Panel Items
Devices and Printers View and manage devices, printers, and print jobs Hardware and Sound
Ease of Access Center Make your computer easier to use. Ease of Access, Appearance and Personalization
File History Keep a history of your files System and Security
File Explorer Options Customize the display of files and folders. Appearance and Personalization
Fonts Add, change, and manage fonts on your computer. Appearance and Personalization
Indexing Options Change how Windows indexes to search faster All Control Panel Items
Infrared Configure infrared file transfer, image transfer, and hardware settings. Hardware and Sound, Network and Internet
Internet Options Configure your Internet display and connection settings. Network and Internet
Keyboard Customize your keyboard settings, such as the cursor blink rate and the character repeat rate. All Control Panel Items
Windows Mobility Center Adjust display brightness, volume, power options, and other commonly used mobile PC settings. Hardware and Sound
Mouse Customize your mouse settings, such as the button configuration, double-click speed, mouse pointers, and motion speed. All Control Panel Items
Network and Sharing Center Check network status, change network settings and set preferences for sharing files and printers. Network and Internet
Phone and Modem Configure your telephone dialing rules and modem settings. All Control Panel Items
Windows To Go Create a portable version of Windows. All Control Panel Items
Power Options Conserve energy or maximize performance by choosing how your computer manages power. Hardware and Sound, System and Security
Programs and Features Uninstall or change programs on your computer. Programs Implemented in appwiz.cpl?
Recovery Recovery All Control Panel Items
Region Customize settings for the display of languages, numbers, times, and dates. Clock and Region
RemoteApp and Desktop Connections Manage your RemoteApp and Desktop Connections All Control Panel Items
Sound Configure your audio devices or change the sound scheme for your computer. Hardware and Sound
Speech Recognition Configure how speech recognition works on your computer. Ease of Access
Storage Spaces Help protect your files from drive failure. System and Security
Sync Center Sync files between your computer and network folders All Control Panel Items
System View information about your computer, and change settings for hardware, performance, and remote connections. System and Security
Taskbar and Navigation Customize the taskbar, such as the types of items to be displayed and how they should appear. Appearance and Personalization
Troubleshooting Troubleshoot and fix common computer problems. All Control Panel Items
User Accounts Change user account settings and passwords for people who share this computer. User Accounts
Windows Defender Firewall Set firewall security options to help protect your computer from hackers and malicious software. System and Security
Work Folders Access your work files anywhere, anytime. System and Security
Intel(R) Rapid Storage Technology Hardware and Sound
Flash Player (32-bit) Manage Flash Player Settings System and Security
Intel® Graphics Settings Control the graphics hardware features of this computer. All Control Panel Items
Free Fall Data Protection Hardware and Sound
Mail (Microsoft Outlook 2016) Microsoft Outlook Profiles User Accounts

Index