Search notes:

HTTP Cookie

A cookie is a piece of information that a web browser stores on behalf of a visited site.
This information might be something like site preferences or login status.
When the site is visited again, the information is returned to the site.
In Firefox, cookies are stored in the profile folder under cookies.sqlite.
Cookies allow a web server to maintain state over the basically stateless HTTP protocoll.

See also

Cookies are defined in RFC 6265 (HTTP State Management Mechanism)
In Chrome, the cookies for the individual sites can be inspected with the special URL chrome://settings/siteData/.
PHP allows store valaues for sessions.

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