Some of these examples need the declarations of the respective Windwos API functions and memory structures which are found here.
hello World uses CreateWindowEx to create a window and write hello world into it. Apart from that, it does nothing except waiting for the window to be destroyed.
EnumWindows iterates over all windows and calls a callback function.
EnumChildWindows iterates over all descendents of a window, not only its (immediate) children.
This example uses FindWindowEx to find a notepad's edit control.
VkKeyScanEx can be used to determine what a user would have to type on his keyboard so that it results in a desired character. This can then be used in SendInput.
SendInput simulates a user pressing some keys to start notepad and enter some text into it.
This example uses EnumWkindows to find a window by the text it contains in the title and then calls ShowWindow followed by SetForeGroundWindow to bring it to the top.