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SQL Server date and time data types

SQL Server has the following date and/or time related data types:
Accuracy size (bytes)
date 100 ns 3-5
time 1 day 3
smalldatetime 1 min 4
datetime 0.00333 sec 8
datetime2 100 ns 6-8
datetimeoffset 100 ns 8-10

Functions (and variables)

Some T-SQL functions (and variables) that are unsed for date or time handling are:
sysdatetime
sysdatetimeoffoset
getdate, getutcdate, sysutcdatetime, current_timestamp Functions or expressions that return «now».
datename
datepart
day, month and year These functions return a a date's year, month or day as an integer.
datefromparts
datetimefromparts
dateteimoffsetfromparts
smalldatetimefromparts
timefromparts
format Probably the function that comes closest to strftime in SQL Server.
datediff Returns the duration between two dates in (non-fractional) units
datediff_big
dateadd
eomonth
switchoffset
todatetimeoffset
@@datefirst
set datefirst
set dateformat
@@language
set language
sp_helplanguage
isdate

See also

SQL Server data types
rowversion is not a date or time related data type.

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