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Enterprise Architecture

Gartner:

Enteprise Architecture is the process of translating business vision and strategy into effective enterprise change by creating, communicting and improving the key principles and models that describe the enterprise's future state and enable its evolution.

IEEE 147.1:

Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution

TOGAF defines architecture as

The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time.

Reasons to have an architecture

A well-designed architecture promises to

reduce complexity
same patterns, tools etc. can be shared across an organization
seamless integration, interoperability and harmonization of (even heterogeneous, multi-vendor) systems, applications and processes
common addressing of enterprise-wide concerns such as security
make decisions easier

Domains

Architecture domains include

Business Architecture	Overall strategy, governance, organization, business processes (Business applications: CRM, CIM, ERP …)
Data Architecture	Master data management, data warehouses, data mart, ETL, Messaging Frameworks
Application Architecture	Interaction between applications, relation to core business processes, project life cycle, software development life cycle, portfolio management, process compliance …
Technology Architecture	Software, hardware, infrastructure, standards (Operating systems, messaging, hardware, network …) to support the above
Security	(Risk management, compliance, information security…)

Roadmap

The enterprise architecture roadmap lists the projects and programs that need to be untertaken to transition the current enterprise architecture to the target future vision.

This roadmap should be aligned to the business roadmap.

Frameworks

An architecture framework organizes an architecture's

planning
development
implementation
governance
sustainment

Such an architecture framework

provides a common vocabulary
formulates building blocks (in the case of TOGAF)
lays out how an organization's envisaged architecture-target can be achieved using these building blocks
lists a set of tools and standards that support the building blocks

Some named frameworks include:

TOGAF
Zachman
SABSA
4+1
Dragon1

Syracom Enterprise Architecture Method (SEAM)

The SEAM framework tries to structure the EAM capability of an organization.

Conception areas:

Strategy
Method
Organization
Delivarable
Tool

Tools

Abacus
Adaptive Enterprise Architecture Manager
Alfabet (Software AG)
MEGA EA Solutions
BiZZdesign Enterprise Studio
Casewise Studio
Essential Architecture Manager
Enterprise Architect (Sparx Systems)
Enterprise Value Architect
Envision VIP (Future Tech Systems)
InQuisient Platform
iServer
iteraplan
leanIX
Living EAM Platform
Obeo SmartEA
SAMU (Atoll Technologies)
Visual Paradigm

Enterprise Information Security Architecture (EISA)

Physical security
Elimination of media with sensitive data
Background checks
Use built-in security functions
Analysis of log files
User training
Encryption
Integration of security with software development.

Types of architects

Business strategy architect
Business architect
Solution architect
Software architect
Infrastructure architect
Enterprise architect

Architecture in Agile

The 11th principle of Agile states that the best architecture (as well as requirements and designs) emerge from self-organizing teams.

Other keywords

Stakeholder management
Governance
Meta model
Repository
Roadmap
Stakeholder