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Windows privileges

Having a privilege means to be able to perform a system operation.
A privilege is different from an access right: an access right controls access to a securable object. (See also access token)
Privileges can be assigned to user accounts with secpol.msc (The Local Security Policy Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in) or the LsaAddAccountRights WinAPI function.

Constant names

The constant names are defined in winnt.h.
SE_ASSIGNPRIMARYTOKEN_NAME
SE_AUDIT_NAME
SE_BACKUP_NAME
SE_CHANGE_NOTIFY_NAME
SE_CREATE_GLOBAL_NAME
SE_CREATE_PAGEFILE_NAME
SE_CREATE_PERMANENT_NAME
SE_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK_NAME
SE_CREATE_TOKEN_NAME
SE_DEBUG_NAME
SE_DELEGATE_SESSION_USER_IMPERSONATE_NAME
SE_ENABLE_DELEGATION_NAME
SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME
SE_INC_BASE_PRIORITY_NAME
SE_INCREASE_QUOTA_NAME Typically used for CreateProcessAsUser (but not for CreateProcessWithLogonW)
SE_INC_WORKING_SET_NAME
SE_LOAD_DRIVER_NAME
SE_LOCK_MEMORY_NAME
SE_MACHINE_ACCOUNT_NAME
SE_MANAGE_VOLUME_NAME
SE_PROF_SINGLE_PROCESS_NAME
SE_RELABEL_NAME
SE_REMOTE_SHUTDOWN_NAME
SE_RESTORE_NAME
SE_SECURITY_NAME
SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME
SE_SYNC_AGENT_NAME
SE_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_NAME
SE_SYSTEM_PROFILE_NAME
SE_SYSTEMTIME_NAME
SE_TAKE_OWNERSHIP_NAME
SE_TCB_NAME
SE_TIME_ZONE_NAME
SE_TRUSTED_CREDMAN_ACCESS_NAME
SE_UNDOCK_NAME
SE_UNSOLICITED_INPUT_NAME

Showing the current user's security privileges on the command line

On the command line (cmd.exe, PowerShell), the current user's security privileges can be shown with whoami /priv: 
C:\> whoami /priv

PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------

Privilege Name                Description                          State
============================= ==================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege           Shut down the system                 Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege       Bypass traverse checking             Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege             Remove computer from docking station Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set       Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege           Change the time zone                 Disabled

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