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Linux package managers

APT Advanced Packaging Tool. Apt is a frontend for and is newer than dpkg.
DNF Dandified YUM. The next generation of YUM. Default Package manager in Fedora 22 onwards. See also Tiny dandified.
dpkg Debian package manager. Compare with APT
flatpack
Nix
Pacman Mostly Arch based distributions
Portage Originally developped for Gentoo, now also used by ChromeOS, Calculate, Sabayon and Funtoo Linux
RPM Originally the Red Hat Package Manager, now a recursive acronym. A package standard for digital distribution.
snap
synaptic
YUM Yellowdog Updater, Modified. A package manager for distributions using RPM. YUM was also ported to AIX, IBM and ArcaOS.
Zypper OpenSUSE

Misc

Debian packages typically have the extension .deb.

TODO

Conda

conda could be considered a package manager as well.
Environment variables:
CONDA_EXE /home/rene/miniconda3/bin/conda
CONDA_PREFIX /home/rene/miniconda3
CONDA_PROMPT_MODIFIER (base)
_CE_CONDA
CONDA_SHLVL 1
CONDA_PYTHON_EXE /home/rene/miniconda3/bin/python
CONDA_DEFAULT_ENV base
Why does conda modify ~/.bashrc? Is this necessary and/or can it be turned off?

See also

Python's Python PEPs 668 (Marking Python base environments as “externally managed”) deals with the conflict between OS package managers and Python-specific package management tools like pip.
AUR helpers

Index