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Linux locale

The POSIX locale system is used to specify both the language conventions requested by the user and the preferred character set to consume and output.

Defining the current locale

$LANG environment variable stores the locale, language and character set.
The format of $LANG is ll_TT.CCCC[@Modifiers]. ll is a two letter abbreviation (ISO 639) of the language, TT a two letter abbreviation ISA 3166 for the territory and CCCC the characters set. So, in order to define a locale for the german part of Switzerland, one might use
export LANG=de_CH.UTF8
Other environment variables are: LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, LC_MONETARY, LC_TIME, NLSPATH

Showing the current locale

$ locale

TODO

Apparently, in the Windows terminology, a language refers to what in the Linux world is called locale.

Links

https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Locales.html#Locales
Saša Stamenković's (umpirsky's) locale list: all locales with names and codes in all languages and all data formats.

See also

The current locale affects the sort order of sort.
/etc/default/locale is the file where global locale setings are stored.
/etc/locale.gen
/usr/share/i18n/locales is the default path for locale definition files.
locale
localectl, localedef
The Vim error message E197: Cannot set language to…

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